Aaron v. Cooper, 243 F.2d 361; Thomason v. Cooper, 254 F.2d 808 (April 28, 1958); Faubus v. United States, 254 F.2d 797 (April 28, 1958). New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. Cooper v. Aaron. On August 21, 1958, the Court of Appeals stayed its mandate. In particular, the consensus understanding is that Little Rock was a story of federalism gone spectacularly wrong. On September 12, 1958, the Supreme Court unanimously affirmed the judgment of the Court of Appeals in the per curiam opinion. Since then, this idea of judicial supremacy has “been respected by this Court and the Country as a permanent and indispensable feature of our constitutional system” (Stephens, 2012). Popular things during this time period Important news events during this time period 1955: Rosa Parks is arrested after refusing to give up her seat in Montgomery Alabama; American Civil Rights Movement starts 1957: baby boom peaks as 4.3 million Americans are born, the highest Cooper v. Aaron: Summary, Decision & Importance Next Lesson. Cooper v. Aaron The events in the Cooper v. Aaron happen right after Brown v. Board of Education. The main reason being that the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the Constitution is in fact the “law of the land”. After failing to do so they filed a lawsuit on February 8. The suit was challenged by Aaron (defendant), representing African American children in Arkansas. After the Governor’s harsh action against the black students, the School Board suggested that the students not attend the school until the “legal dilemma was resolved”. 1957, as the Little Rock Nine were attempting to enter Little Rock Central High School for the first time as students, they were met by the forceful presence of the Arkansas National Guard as well as many segregationist protesters. Pending the filing of the School Board’s petition for certiorari, the respondents, on August 23, 1958, applied to Mr. Justice Whittaker, as Circuit Justice for the Eighth Circuit, to stay the order of the Court of Appeals withholding its own mandate, and also to stay the District Court’s judgment. Cooper v. Aaron Issues: State Rights, National Supremeacy. Cooper v. Aaron (1958) was a case pitting thirty-three African American students from Little Rock, represented by the local branch of the NAACP, against the Little Rock School District which denied them access to local high schools despite federal court orders mandating school desegregation. Facts. Since then, this idea of judicial supremacy has “been respected by this Court and the Country as a permanent and indispensable feature of our constitutional system” (Stephens, 2012). The Justices begin the opinion by stating, “As this case reaches us, it raises questions of the highest importance to the maintenance of our federal system of government. Call Number/Physical Location 1. The main reason being that the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the Constitution is in fact the “law of the land”. The Supreme Court was unanimous in the decision that their interpretation of the US Constitution is the “law of the land” and should be followed the way that they interpret it. The Supreme court not only argued for judicial supremacy as established in Marbury v Madison, they also argued that the act of barring black children from public schools was an infringement on their fourteenth amendment rights and therefore, in direct violation of the U.S. constitution. Cooper v. Aaron, 358 U.S.C. On February 20, 1958, the School Board and the Superintendent of the Schools filed a petition to postpone the program of desegregation. Although it was approved by the District Courts, the respondents brought the case to the Court of Appeals in order to reverse the decision. The Court ruled that their interpretation is in fact the correct interpretation, therefore the states have to abide by it. , University Press of Kansas, 2007. It necessarily involves a claim by the Governor and Legislature of a State that there is no duty on state officials to obey federal court orders resting on this Court’s considered interpretation of the United States Constitution…We reject these contentions” (Justia.com, 2016). The second timeline as well as the important subsequent cases could use some elaboration. The constitutional provision to this case represents that no agency of the State, of the officers or agents by whom its powers are used, shall deny to any person within its authority the equal protection of the laws (Justia.com, 2016). While the Little Rock School Board planned to carry out the intended plan of desegregation, they were continuously challenged by the governor and state officials. It also allowed for students to transfer to schools outside of their assigned school zone. The school board’s request was originally granted by the District Court of the Eastern District of Arkansas but later reversed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, and ultimately ended up being argued in front of the United States Supreme Court. President Eisenhower had already intervened and sent The day before the first day of desegregation at Central High School, the governor of Arkansas believed it was necessary to send out the National Guard to the school, in order to prevent any colored students from getting inside. Cooper v. Aaron; Cooper v. Aaron (1958) The Warren Court Argued: 09/11/1958 Decided: 09/12/1958 Vote: Unanimous Majority: Constitutional Provisions: The Supremacy Clause: Art. 462 2 Under directive to district courts to require prompt and reasonable start toward desegregation of public schools and to take such action as was necessary to bring about end of Gillman, Howard, Mark A. Graber, and Keith E. Whittington. Is the state and its officials required to follow the Supreme Court’s decisions and their interpretations of the Constitution? Furthermore, states must work to enforce these decisions even if the they do not agree with them. The Justices state clearly that “the controlling legal principles are plain. 116 Argued: September 11, 1958 Decided: September 12, 1958. Although the Supreme Court did not offer any advice on how to go about the desegregation process, they did demand that it be done swiftly. COOPER v. AARON AND THE FACES OF FEDERALISM ASHUTOSH BHAGWAT* The story of Cooper v. AaronI and the Little Rock desegregation crisis has many dimensions, one of the most important of which relates to federalism. Although it was approved by the District Courts, the respondents brought the case to the Court of Appeals in order to reverse the decision. Opinion announced September 29, 1958. The Justices state clearly that, “the controlling legal principles are plain. On September 12, 1958, the Supreme Court unanimously affirmed the judgment of the Court of Appeals in the per curiam opinion. States were not going to be able to create any form of legislation that opposed desegregation because the Supreme Court deemed their interpretations of the 14, Amendment the “law of the land”, meaning that all citizens should have access to equal education. This decision established the fundamental idea that the Supreme Court has the final say in the interpretation of the of the law of the Constitution. For support he thanks Law School Dean Kenneth C. Randall, University of In Arkansas, the Little Rock School Board initially agreed to accept the Supreme Court’s decision and planned to start desegregating schools by the fall of 1957. 1, Misc., August Special Term, 1958, Aaron et al. On September 7, 1957, the District Court denied a petition by the School Board requesting an order for a temporary suspension of the program. Even if those states disagree, they have no authority to create legislation that goes against the federal law because they are bound to it. The school board’s request was originally granted by the District Court of the Eastern District of Arkansas but later reversed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, and ultimately ended up being argued in front of the United States Supreme Court. It was still challenged by many states opposed to integration, and the process of desegregation moved at a slower pace than many had imagined. , 358 U.S. 1, 78 S. Ct. 1401, 3 L. Ed. Not only did it infringe on the people’s 14th amendment rights to equal protection, the state’s willingness to defy the ruling of the Supreme Court was in direct opposition of the judicial supremacy ruling of, Chief Justice Warren wrote the majority opinion, which was unanimous.This decision held that. COOPER v. AARON AND THE FACES OF FEDERALISM ASHUTOSH BHAGWAT* The story of Cooper v. Aaron1 and the Little Rock desegregation crisis has many dimensions, one of the most important of which relates to federalism. COOPER v. AARON, 358 U.S. 29 358 U.S. 29. How to increase brand awareness through consistency; Dec. 11, 2020. These plans continued to be thwarted because of the actions of the the governor and state officials. In the landmark decision of Cooper v Aaron, the Supreme Court asserted that their rulings of the Constitution is binding on all government actors.The case followed the Brown v Board of Education decision where segregation of schools was deemed unconstitutional. He believed that respect for the authority of the Supreme Court was vital, “our kind of society cannot endure if the controlling authority of the Law as derived from the Constitution is not to be the tribunal specially charged with the duty of ascertaining and declaring what is “the supreme Law of the Land.”” Justice Frankfurter was appalled by the actions of Governor Faubus and believed they went against the “spirit of our Nation” because “the power of the State was used not to sustain law, but as an instrument for thwarting law.”  His justification for their ruling was based less on the 14th amendment and more on the duty- and the sanctity of that duty- of state governments to uphold the law and abide by the rulings of the Supreme Court. Cooper v. Aaron (1958) In Cooper v. Aaron (1958), the Supreme Court ruled that the state of Arkansas could not pass legislation undermining the Court's ruling in Brown v. 1, Misc., August Special Term, 1958, Aaron et al. It necessarily involves a claim by the Governor and Legislature of a State that there is no duty on state officials to obey federal court orders resting on this Court’s considered interpretation of the United States Constitution…, We reject these contentions” (Justia.com, 2016). Cooper v. Aaron, 358 U.S. 1 (1958), was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States, which denied the Arkansas School Board the right to delay desegregation for 30 months. VI, Cl.2; Location: Little Rock, Arkansas. This plan called for the slow integration of one high school, Little Rock Central, followed by the opening of a few junior high schools to a small number of black students over the next few years. The Cooper v. Aaron litigation went through several stages. With references to. In a 1955 follow-up decision (Brown v. Even if those states disagree, they have no authority to create legislation that goes against the federal law because they are bound to it. After failing to do so they filed a lawsuit on February 8th 1956 and enrolled nine students of excellent academic standing (later dubbed the Little Rock Nine) in Little Rock Central High School. The School Board consulted with the District Courts, and the Court requested that the students go back to the school and continue the initial plan of desegregation. Their reasoning for this was that the presence of the African American students, public hostility of the program, and the past actions of the governor had an effect on the educational program at Central High School. That court is the regular court for reviewing orders of the District Court here concerned, and the appeal and the petition for a stay are matters properly to be adjudicated by it in the first instance. This then led it to be brought to the Supreme Court. The School Board and the District Court did not ask for, nor want, these actions from the governor. 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